Case Corruption

Corruption in Indonesia

Corruption or rasuah (Latin: corruptio of meaningful verb corrumpere rotten, corrupt, destabilizing, twisting, bribing) In the broadest sense, corruption or political corruption is the misuse of official position for personal gain. All forms of government | government vulnerable to corruption in practice. Weighing corruption vary, from the lightest in the form of the use of influence and support to give and receive help, until the weight of corruption are unveiled, and so on. End point of corruption is a kleptocracy, which literally means rule by thieves, which pretended to act honestly was not there at sekali.Siapa also tend to engage in corruption, there is no limit of age, education, occupation, gender, religious or not. The tendency towards corruption, can be done by accident or without sadar.Dan corruption can occur anywhere does not look like a place in the general environment and others

Conditions that favor the emergence of corruption in Indonesia

• Political campaigns are expensive, with expenditures greater than the normal political funding.

• Projects involving large amounts of public money.

• Environmental covered selfish and networks "old friend".

• Weak rule of law.

• Salaries of government employees is very small.

in 2010, say 3 years ago Rp 2.1 trillion in state losses. Early January to December 2013 was until Rp 7.4 trillion . It's significant. Even up in 2011, had until Rp 10 trillion more,

"Finance can be saved for the nation in 2012 as much as Rp 201 billion more. Whereas in 2013 rose to USD 915 billion more, or nearly $ 1 trillion financial state that we managed to save. Thus the rise of Rp 713 billion or 77.92 percent . Losses state of corruption, among others, predominantly from the tax sector, one of them in the customs institutions, "

 Financial state saved in 2013, valued at USD 403 102 000 215 and USD 500,000. It has increased from the previous year, 2012 was only U.S. $ 302 609 167 229 and U.S. $ 500,000, while in 2011 there are 198 210 963 791 USD and USD 6760.69. Stage of the investigation of corruption cases in 2011 only 699 cases, and then increased to 833 in 2012, and 2013 be 1,696 cases. While in the stage of investigation, in 2011 there were 1,624 cases, there are 1,401 cases in 2012, and in 2013 to 1,646 cases, "

Negative impact of corruption for Economic

Corruption also complicates economic development by creating distortions and inefficiencies are high. In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of trade due to the loss of illegal payments, management fees in negotiations with corrupt officials, and the risk of cancellation of the agreement or because of the investigation. While there are states that corruption reduces costs (commercial) to simplify the bureaucracy, the emerging consensus concluded that the availability of bribes causing officials to create new rules and new obstacles. Where the cost of commercial corruption causing inflation, corruption also mess up "the field of commerce". Companies that have a connection protected from competition and as a result retain companies that are not efficient.

Corruption caused distortion (chaos) in the public sector by diverting public investment into community projects where bribes and wages are more readily available. Officials may increase the complexity of the project communities to hide corrupt practices, which ultimately results in more chaos. Corruption also reduces compliance with safety requirements, environmental, or other regulations. Corruption also reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure; and adding pressure on the government budget.

Strategies to prevent and eradicate corruption in Indonesia

Prevention, law enforcement, Harmonisation of Legislation, Education and Culture Anti-Corruption, Anti-Corruption Reporting Mechanism Implementation

Causes of Corruption in Indonesia

Not Applying Indonesian religious teachings known as a religious nation which would prohibit corruption in any form. The fact there are many who do corruption.

Less Has Exemplary Leadership, a leader in the formal and informal institutions have an important influence for his subordinates. If a leader can not give a good example in front of subordinates, such as do corruption, then the bottom will most likely take the same chance with his superiors.

Moral Less Powerful ,someone moral is not strong tend to be tempted to engage in corruption. Temptation that can come from superiors, friends level, subordinate, or other parties that provide the opportunity for it.

Lazy or Will not Work, Some people want to get results out of a job without sweat aka lazy to work. Such properties would potentially take any action in ways easy and fast, including corruption.

But very difficult to eradicate corruption because corruption is organized crime and involving officials, corruption is a long chain of crimes, consequently difficult to find evidence to investigate or resolve corruption cases, corruption is done because of the four elements, among others, the intention to perform, ability to perform, opportunity or chance and a suitable target.

Analysis

1. What causes corruption case in Indonesia?

Answer: Not Applying the teachings of Religion, Less Has Exemplary Leadership, Moral Less Powerful, Lazy or Do not Want to Work.

2. Who can get involved corruption cases?

Answer: Anyone prone to corruption, there is no limit of age, education, occupation, gender, religious or not. The tendency towards corruption, can be done inadvertently or unknowingly.

3. When the level of the highest state losses?

Answer: In 2011 the State losses of up to Rp 10 trillion more.

4. Why Difficult to eradicate corruption ?

Answer: because it is a corruption and organized crime involving officials, corruption is a long chain of crimes, consequently difficult to find evidence to investigate or resolve corruption cases, corruption is done because of the four elements, among others, the intention to perform, ability to perform, opportunity or chance and a suitable target.

5. Where corruption can happen?

Answer: Corruption can occur anywhere does not look like a place in the general environment and others

6. How strategies to combat corruption?

Answer: prevention, law enforcement, harmonization of legislation,

Education and Culture Anti-Corruption, Anti-Corruption Reporting Mechanism Implementation.

Comment:

Corruption can be done anywhere and at any time but if we have good morals we are not going to commit acts of corruption. And eradicate corruption must quickly eradicate corruption due to the level of welfare in this country would be good.We as the younger generation must be honest in our dealings. SAY NO TO CORRUPTION ...

Reference sources:

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korupsi

http://www.voaindonesia.com/content/icw-pemberantasan-korupsi-di-indonesia-dalam-3-tahun-terakhir-meningkat/1847983.html

http://acch.kpk.go.id/6-strategi-pencegahan-dan-pemberantasan-korupsi

http://indoline-indonesia.com/2013/10/30/inilah-faktor-penyebab-korupsi-menggila-di-indonesia/

http://log.viva.co.id/news/read/441169-siapa-saja-cenderung-melakukan-korupsi

http://www.thecrowdvoice.com/post/kenapa-korupsi-di-indonesia-sulit-diberantas-13167203.html

NAMA            : EVI MARGARETHA

KELAS           : 1EA02

NPM               : 13213004

Noun Clauses

1.     Where is he ? I don’t know…………

 I don’t know where he is
                      QW    S  V

2.       What does this work mean ? Could you please tell me…………

Could you please tell me what this word means
                                      QW   S              V

3.       What is Jane talking about ? I don’t understand…………

I don’t understand what Jane talking about is
                              QW   S        V

4.       Where can I buy a good radio ? Do you know…………

Do you know where I can buy a good radio

                     QW   S                 V

5.       Why is mark angry ? Do you know…………

Do you know why mark is angry

                       QW  S     V

6.       Who is that boy ? I don’t know…………

I don’t know who that boy is

                    QW   S         V

7.       How old are their children ? I can’t ever remember…………

I can’t ever remember how old their children are

                                    QH        S                V

8.       Where can I catch the bus ? Could you please tell me…………

Could you please tell me where I can catch the bus

                                       QW  S          V

9.       Whom did you see at the party ? Please tell me…………

Please tell me whom you saw at the party

                      QW    S         V

10.   Whom did Helen talk to ? Do you know…………

Do you know whom Helen talked to

                      QW       S           V

Nama   :   EVI MARGARETHA

Kelas    :   1EA02

NPM     :  13213004

Dialog Bahasa Inggris

“Meet Old Friend”

Samantha     : Hello Maria, been a long time no see. How are you ?

Maria           : I’m fine. And  you ?

Samantha     : I’m very well. By the way do you like sports ?

Maria           : Yes, I like it

Samantha     : What kind of sports? Jogging or swimming ?

Maria           : I like jogging. What you want join with me for jogging together ?

Samantha     : Yes of course, I join with you. But I don’t have sports shoes

Maria           : No problem, I have two sports shoes. So you can using my shoes

Samantha     : Oh thank you so much, Maria are you vegetarian ?

Maria           : Yes I’m vegetarian. Yet I eats meat, and fast food

Samantha     : Oh…When we will jogging together Maria?

Maria           : Tomorrow we will jogging together Samantha

Samantha     : Yeach I’m so happy

Maria           : Yes I too. Samantha are you hungry ?

Samantha     : yes I’m very hungry and thirsty, why ?

Maria           : I too..hmm you like meetball or noddles ?

Samantha     : I like meetball. Okay let’s we eats meetball

Maria           : Yes, Samantha thanks for today I’m so happy.

Samantha     : Your welcome, nice to meet you Maria.

Maria           : Nice to meet you too Samantha


Nama     : EVI MARGARETHA
NPM      : 13213004
KELAS  : 1EA02

Artikel: Management

MANAGEMENT

Management in business and organizations is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.

Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to 'manage' oneself, a prerequisite to attempting to manage others.

Basic functions

Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, controlling/monitoring and motivation.

·         Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next five years, etc.) and generating plans for action.

·         Organizing: (Implementation)pattern of relationships among workers, making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.

·         Staffing: Job analysis, recruitment and hiring for appropriate jobs.

·         Leading/directing: Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it.

·         Controlling/monitoring: Checking progress against plans.

·         Motivation: Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work effectively. If motivation does not take place in an organization, then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top-level management).

·         Communicating: is giving, receiving, or exchange information.

·         Creating: ability to produce original Idea,thought through the use of imagination

Management skills

·         Political: used to build a power base and establish connections

·         Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations.

·         Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate

·         Diagnostic: ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation

·         Technical: Expertise in one's particular functional area.

Management has the following 3 characteristics:

1.     It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.

2.     It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.

     3. It reaches these goals by working with and through people and 
         other organizational resources.

Management Levels

Most organizations have three management levels:

• Low-level managers;

• Middle-level managers; and

• Top-level managers.

These managers are classified in a hierarchy of authority, and perform different tasks. In many organizations, the number of managers in every level resembles a pyramid.Below, you'll find the specifications of each level's different responsibilities and their likely job titles.

Top-level managers

The board of directors, president, vice-president, and CEO are all examples of top-level managers.These managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business.In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources.Top-level managers are accountable to the shareholders and general public.

Middle-level managers
General managers, branch managers, and department managers are all examples of middle-level managers. They are accountable to the top management for their department's function.Middle-level managers devote more time to organizational and directional functions than top-level managers. Their roles can be emphasized as:
• Executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's
policies and the objectives of the top management;
• Defining and discussing information and policies from top               management to lower management; and most importantly
• Inspiring and providing guidance to low-level managers towards        better performance.

Some of their functions are as follows:
• Designing and implementing effective group and intergroup work    and information systems;
• Defining and monitoring group-level performance indicators;
• Diagnosing and resolving problems within and among work groups
• Designing and implementing reward systems supporting cooperativebehavior.

Low-level managers
Supervisors, section leads, and foremen are examples of low-level management titles. These managers focus on controlling and directing.
Low-level managers usually have the responsibility of:
• Assigning employees tasks;
• Guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities;
• Ensuring the quality and quantity of production;
• Making recommendations and suggestions; and
• Upchanneling employee problems.

 SUMBER REFERENSI :

http://managementinnovations.wordpress.com/2008/12/03/define-management-its-functions/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management

https://www.boundless.com/business/management/types-of-management/management-levels-a-hierarchical-view/

NAMA   :  EVI MARGARETHA

NPM      : 13213004

KELAS      : 1EA02

MANFAAT DAN KANDUNGAN MINYAK ZAITUN

Minyak zaitun atau dikenal juga dengan nama olive oil merupakan minyak nabati yang berasal dari ekstrak buah zaitun. Buah zaitun sendiri berasal dari pohon zaitun, yang memiliki nama latin Olea europaea. Tumbuhan ini masuk ke dalam famili Oleaceae.

Kandungan yang terkandung dalam minyak zaitun :

“Minyak zaitun mengandung banyak senyawa aktif seperti fenol, tokoferol, sterol, pigmen, dan squalene, yang memegang peran penting dalam kesehatan dan kecantikan,” papar Prof Dr Made Astawan, guru besar Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan IPB.

Secara umum manfaat minyak zaitun adalah dikarenakan punya kandungan : vitamin E dosis tinggi, beta-carotene atau vitamin A, vitamin K, juga antioksidan layaknya phytosterol, flavonoid, dan senyawaphenolic.

Minyak zaitun adalah minyak yang di dapat dari buah zaitun, minyak yang dihasilkan dari buah zaitun sangatlah bermanfaat untuk kosmetik, memasak, obat herbal, dll. Minyak zaitun sangat baik untuk di gunakan karena minyak zaitun mengandung lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi.

Manfaat minyak zaitun bagi kesehatan :

1.Menurunkan Risiko Penyakit Jantung

Kandungan antioksidan nabatinya sangat tinggi sehingga akan menurunkan resiko Penyakit Jantung. Cukup dengan minum 2 sendok setiap hari akan mengurangi resiko penyakit jantung.

2.Mampu Melawan kanker

Minyak zaitun dapat mereduksi kerusakan sel (kerusakan ini dapat memicu kanker).Fenol dalam minyak zaitun extra virgin bertindak sebagai antioksidan pencegah penyakit untuk menghambat proses kanker ; asam oleat diperkirakan mencegah penyebaran tumor.

3.Menghilangkan Artritis

Minyak zaitun mengandung Prostaglandin yang bermanfaat untuk mengatasi nyeri sendi dan pengeroposan tulang. Caranya dikonsumsi dalam campuran makanan sehari-hari dan akan membuat antinyeri dengan melumasi sendi dan mencegah pembengkakan. Atau dengan mengoleskan minyak zaitun pada nyeri otot atau nyeri sendi.

4.Mencegah Diabetes

Kandungan minyak zaitun berupa lemak tak jenuh tunggal. Sehingga minyak zaitun bermanfaat untuk menurunkan kadar gula dalam darah serta resiko diabetes tipe 2.

5.Menghentikan Rasa Nyeri

Kandungan oleokantal dapat mencegah radang, mirip dengan penghilang rasa sakit seperti ibuprofen dan obat antiradang lainnya. Minyak zaitun dapat digunakan untuk obat oles luka lecet, luka sobek, dan gangguan yang berisiko menimbulkan radang, bengkak, dan nyeri.

6.Mencegah Pikun

Kandungan Asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dalam Minyak Zaitun berfungsi untuk menjaga struktur sel dan membran dalam otak, sehingga membantu mencegah hilangnya ingatan.

Minyak Zaitun bisa kita manfaatkan untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan kita dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Cara dan aturan pakainya akan lebih baik kita kenali terlebih dahulu secara mendalam, supaya manfaat yang maksimal dapat kita dapat secara memuaskan. Semoga manfaat minyak zaitun diatas bisa bermanfaat bagi anda.

Manfaat minyak zaitun untuk kecantikan :

1.Untuk Pelembab wajah

Kandungan zat linoleic acid mampu menjaga air menguap. Sehingga, zat ini amat baik untuk digunakan sebagai pelembab kulit yang kering dan mulai berkeriput. Caranya Oleskan pada wajah sembari dipijit ringan selama 10 menit. Kemudian bilas dengan air bersih.

2.Untuk penyubur rambut

Minyak zaitun bisa membantu menyuburkan rambut supaya rambut lebih hitam dan lebat. Caranya cukup dicampurkan dengan shampo yang anda pakai kemudian dibilas sampai bersih.

3.Merawat kesehatan kulit

Dengan cara mengoleskan minyak zaitun ketika mandi. Kulit tubuh pun akan terjaga kelembabannya dan terlihat lebih bercahaya.

4.Untuk Merawat Tangan dan kuku

Dengan cara mencampurkan satu sendok makan minyak zaitun dengan air hangat untuk merendam tangannya 1 minggu sekali. Kebiasaan ini membuat kulit tangan dan sekitar kukunya lembut.

5.Untuk Perawatan Kaki

Kaki pecah-pecah atau kasar bisa diatasi dengan perawatan minyak zaitun. Caranya denga mengoleskan minyak zaitun ke telapak kaki dan sekitar pergelangan kaki. Bungkus dengan kaus kaki dan kenakan selama tidur pada malam hari. Kemudian bersihkan dipagi harinya. Bisa dilakukan pada tangan. Lakukan secara rutin selama satu bulan untuk hasil maksimal.

6.Untuk menghaluskan Kulit Tubuh

Caranya dengan mencampur minyak zaitun dengan garam kasar, untuk membuat scrub alami. Selain membantu pengelupasan sel-sel mati, pemakaian minyak zaitun pada tubuh bisa membuat kulit lebih cerah.

Sumber Referensi :

http://manfaatnyasehat.blogspot.com/2013/11/manfaat-minyak-zaitun-untuk-kesehatan.html

http://artikel-herbal.thifaonline.com/manfaat-minyak-zaitun/

http://manfaatdankandungan.blogspot.com/2012/11/minyak-zaitun-atau-minyak-olive-adalah.html

NAMA : EVI MARGARETHA
NPM    : 13213004
KELAS : 1EA02